用sscli学习.NET实现
在Blog上记录过两篇和.NET中GC机制相关的学习笔记（这里和这里），但都是从概念上泛泛而谈，所学习、参考和引用的资料也都是从概念上进行介绍，并没有涉及到代码层面的实现。由于工作中也用不到，所以没有继续关注下去。
最近则是在学习.NET Framework Library时想要更清楚地了解.NET对象的内存布局，才知道其实微软早就在10年前发布了开源的CLI实现sscli（Shared Source Common Language Infrastructure），代号Rotor。，并且于06年发布了它的2.0版本。尽管在之后这个项目就没再更新（有消息说已经下线），而且微软后续对于.NET Framework的更新使得现在的实现肯定和之前的大相径庭，但对于这个层面的代码来说，光是sscli2.0就够一般的学习者喝一壶，其中VM、JIT Compiler以及更上层的GC机制等实现，也远远还没有到过时的程度。如果非要追最新的实现，可以参考.NET CF 4.0，它现在从CLR层次就是开源的。
对于sscli，关注它的人并不多，毕竟这是底层到直接涉及托管程序运行、管理的框架。平时大家只要知道怎么编写和载入Assembly、让托管程序或网页跑起来，满足老板/PM/甲方的需求就行了，至于个中具体流程，没有必要关心。甚至于说，只要通读《CLR via C#》后清楚.NET各种概念的实现和关系、知道IL一级的实现，再加上了解大部分运行在CLR上层的机制，就能应付90%以上的工作场景。但sscli还是有必要看看：
- 解决一些疑难杂症，例如奇怪的内存泄露、CPU满载问题。
- 更清楚地了解原理。就拿刚才提到的Object内存布局问题来说，利用概念层次的讲解文章《浅析.NET中的引用类型和值类型(上)》以及文中提到的《Pro .NET Performance》这本书，结合sscli具体实现才能做到有自信掌握看破这一话题的能力。
- 满足自己的好奇心……不是开玩笑，例如GC实现中的各种算法、safe point、hijacking什么的，你说知道具体实现又有何用？单纯是想知道而已。尽管如此，我觉得这类“Under the hood”学习应该算是程序员的自我修养，也是进行“写程序的人”和“程序员”之鉴别的标准之一。
下载了sscli2.0的代码之后，会发现除了clr文件夹内的核心实现外，还有.net相关工具集，以及一部分（老的）.NET Framework代码，例如HttpRequest、Xml等实现。这些代码中有最近正在学的正则表达式引擎的完整实现，算是意外收获。另外还附送一个完整的jscript引擎。具体内容可以看docs文档。
接着可以参考下面几篇文章进行build和debug：
- 在Visual Studio 2008的环境下Build SSCLI 2.0(ROTOR)
- Build SSCLI20 under VS2008 full Document (完全手册)
- Debugging Whidbey / Rotor 2.0 / SSCLI2.0 in Visual Studio 2008
当然，windbg是不能少的，用来调试具体的托管程序，结合dump出来的信息，查看对应的cli代码，可以从将知识学习从逻辑层面过渡到实际的物理层面。
有关sscli整体学习，我还是不推荐自己抠代码，毕竟类似gc_heap这种类，光声明就好几千行，难以下手。看看大牛们的文章，例如CLR探索系列这个教程。里面从最基本的windbg载入sos调试程序开始，一步步介绍CLR基本概念，从CLR初始化到载入托管exe和dll，再到托管PE格式、GC机制等等，脉络清晰，图文并茂。另外还有一些针对具体问题的blog，例如《深入了解CLR的加载过程》等，结合阅读会事半功倍。
其他一些学习资源：
- Shared Source CLI Essentials
- Flier’s Sky，《用WinDbg探索CLR世界》系列，每篇都是按照CLR功能->windbg调试->IL code->cli实现这样的顺序讲解。blog内还有其他大量牛B文章。
- CLI研究 on NeoRAGEx2002’s Weblog
成为底层达人，就可以像这些大牛一样玩一些有趣的游戏了，比如自己定义新的IL Opcode或者是用托管代码让CLR挂掉之类。至于能不能在物质层面转化这些知识，就要看个人造化，但“天道酬勤”总是没错的。
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